Diffusion-weighted imaging with acquisition of three b-values for response evaluation of neuroendocrine liver metastases undergoing selective internal radiotherapy

Abstract

To evaluate diffusion-weighted MRI with acquisition of three b-values and calculation of fractioned ADCs for response evaluation of neuroendocrine liver metastases undergoing selective internal radiotherapy (SIRT). Ten consecutive patients with neuroendocrine liver metastases underwent MRI before and following SIRT. Diffusion-weighted imaging included acquisition of the b-values 0, 50 and 800 s/mm(2) and calculation of ADC(50,800), ADC(0,50) and ADC(0,800) maps. According to therapy response, lesions were categorised into group A [≥20% reduction of the longest diameter (LD) in comparison to baseline MRI] and group B (<20% reduction of the LD). Twelve out of 31 metastases were categorised as group A and 19 out of 31 metastases were categorised as group B. Pretherapeutic values of ADC(0,800) and ADC(50,800) did not differ significantly between the two groups; however, ADC(0,50) was 32% lower in group A (P = 0.049). ADC(0,800) and ADC(50,800) increased significantly after therapy in both groups, however, group differences were not statistically significant. Conversely, the increase in ADC(0,50) was about a factor of 7 larger in group A than in group B (P = 0.023). Our study showed that the ADC(0,50) is a promising biomarker for response assessment of neuroendocrine liver metastases following SIRT. • Diffusion-weighted MRI offers new information about neuroendocrine hepatic metastases. • Evaluation of perfusion and diffusion components requires fractioned apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs). • Perfusion effects represented by ADC (0.50) can be observed in neuroendocrine metastases. • Pretherapeutic ADC (0.50) was significantly lower in metastases with a response ≥20%. • Such biomarkers may help evaluate liver metastases in patients undergoing therapy.