Abstract
BackgroundThe paper covers modern approaches to the evaluation of neoplastic processes with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and proposes a physical model for monitoring the primary quantitative parameters of DWI and quality assurance. Models of hindered and restricted diffusion are studied.Material and methodTo simulate hindered diffusion, we used aqueous solutions of polyvinylpyrrolidone with concentrations of 0 to 70%. We created siloxane-based water-in-oil emulsions that simulate restricted diffusion in the intracellular space. To obtain a high signal on DWI in the broadest range of b values, we used silicon oil with high T2: cyclomethicone and caprylyl methicone. For quantitative assessment of our phantom, we performed DWI on 1.5T magnetic resonance scanner with various fat suppression techniques. We assessed water-in-oil emulsion as an extracorporeal source signal by simultaneously scanning a patient in whole-body DWI sequence.ResultsWe developed phantom with control substances for apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements ranging from normal tissue to benign and malignant lesions: from 2.29 to 0.28 mm2/s. The ADC values of polymer solutions are well relevant to the mono-exponential equation with the mean relative difference of 0.91%.ConclusionThe phantom can be used to assess the accuracy of the ADC measurements, as well as the effectiveness of fat suppression. The control substances (emulsions) can be used as a body marker for quality assurance in whole-body DWI with a wide range of b values.
Highlights
Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is widely implemented in scanning protocols for various organs and systems, including whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI)
We developed phantom with control substances for apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements ranging from normal tissue to benign and malignant lesions: from 2.29 to 0.28 mm2/s
The phantom can be used to assess the accuracy of the ADC measurements, as well as the effectiveness of fat suppression
Summary
Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is widely implemented in scanning protocols for various organs and systems, including whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI). Calculated values obtained through the mathematical processing of DWI data, such as apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC map), are used for accurate diagnostics and treatment. The ADC is a relative value and depends on the equipment characteristics, scan parameters, and image quality [1, 2]. In some, tissue’s perfusion effects are present They are associated with the blood flow in the capillary bed and can be conditionally considered as accelerated diffusion of water molecules. Some publications introduce mathematical models describing the relationship between ADC, signal-to-noise ratio, and other technical characteristics [2]. The paper covers modern approaches to the evaluation of neoplastic processes with diffusionweighted imaging (DWI) and proposes a physical model for monitoring the primary quantitative parameters of DWI and quality assurance.
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