Abstract
The bulk nuclear matter produced in heavy ion collisions carries a multitude of conserved quantum numbers: electric charge, baryon number, and strangeness. Therefore, the diffusion processes associated to these conserved charges cannot occur independently and must be described in terms of a set of coupled diffusion equations. This physics is implemented by replacing the traditional diffusion coefficients for each conserved charge by a diffusion coefficient matrix, which quantifies the coupling between the conserved quantum numbers. The diagonal coefficients of this matrix are the usual charge diffusion coefficients, while the off-diagonal entries describe the diffusive coupling of the charge currents. In this paper, we show how to calculate this diffusion coefficient matrix from kinetic theory and provide results for a hadron resonance gas and a gas of partons. We further find that the off-diagonal entries can reach similar magnitudes compared to the diagonal entries. In order to provide some insight on the influence that the coupling between the net charge diffusion currents can have on heavy ion observables, we present first results for the diffusive evolution of a hadronic system in a simple (1+1)D-fluid dynamics approach, and study different configurations of the diffusion matrix.
Highlights
The main motivation for studying nuclear collisions at relativistic energies is to understand the properties of strongly interacting matter
During the last couple of decades, the high-energy nuclear collision experiments performed in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), and in the Large Hadron
Collider (LHC), at CERN, have shown that a considerable amount of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) matter is produced in these collisions and that it is possible to infer the properties of such matter from the experimental data
Summary
The main motivation for studying nuclear collisions at relativistic energies is to understand the properties of strongly interacting matter. In the highest-energy nuclear collisions, the created matter has almost zero net baryon density at midrapidity, and the effects of diffusion are expected to be small in this region [30]. The diffusion currents of the conserved charges must be coupled with each other This multicomponent nature of diffusion in strongly interacting matter was first fully embraced in Ref. [37] and provide more details on the computation of the diffusion matrix for strongly interacting matter, as well as to provide an initial hydrodynamic calculation that illustrates the influence of the cross-couplings in relativistic nuclear collisions. Ħ1⁄4c1⁄4kB 1⁄41, and greek indices run from 0 to 3
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