Abstract
We demonstrate that the diffusion currents do not depend only on gradients of their corresponding charge density, but that the different diffusion charge currents are coupled. This happens in such a way that it is possible for density gradients of a given charge to generate dissipative currents of another charge. Within this scheme, the charge diffusion coefficient is best viewed as a matrix, in which the diagonal terms correspond to the usual charge diffusion coefficients, while the off-diagonal terms describe the coupling between the different currents. In this Letter, we calculate for the first time the complete diffusion matrix for hot and dense nuclear matter, including baryon, electric, and strangeness charges. We find that the baryon diffusion current is strongly affected by baryon charge gradients but also by its coupling to gradients in strangeness. The electric charge diffusion current is found to be strongly affected by electric and strangeness gradients, whereas strangeness currents depend mostly on strange and baryon gradients.
Highlights
Introduction.—Ultrarelativistic hadronic collisions, performed in the largest particle accelerators, allow us to study the properties of hot and dense hadronic and quark matter
We demonstrate that the diffusion currents do not depend only on gradients of their corresponding charge density, but that the different diffusion charge currents are coupled
The charge diffusion coefficient is best viewed as a matrix, in which the diagonal terms correspond to the usual charge diffusion coefficients, while the off-diagonal terms describe the coupling between the different currents
Summary
We demonstrate that the diffusion currents do not depend only on gradients of their corresponding charge density, but that the different diffusion charge currents are coupled. At this stage, very little is known about net-charge diffusion in hot and dense nuclear matter This is due to the fact that in high energy heavy ion collisions the net-charge density of the matter produced is extremely small in almost all space-time points, and it becomes very difficult to observe any dissipative effects due to diffusion [24]. We emphasize that Eq (1) cannot be employed to describe diffusion processes in the presence of more than one conserved charge This is exactly what happens in matter produced in heavy ion collisions, in which we must always consider at least three conserved charges: baryon number (B), electric charge (Q), and strangeness (S).
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