Abstract

We study the adsorption and diffusion of foreign atoms with different valences (K, Mg, Ga, Ge) on the reconstructed Si(111) surface using density functional theory total-energy calculations. We find that the stable adsorption sites for all the adsorbate atoms considered are high-coordination surface sites (T 4-type, H 3-type or B 2-type) rather than the surface dangling bond sites (T 1 or adatom T 4 site) as might have been expected from simple bond-counting arguments. We also examine the surface diffusion paths and find that the adsorbate atoms, depending on their interaction with the surface, experience certain restrictions in their motion which we refer to as “intermittent diffusion”. These results help elucidate a number of experimental observations.

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