Abstract
The ion diffusion and defect chemistry are the key factors in constructing the core-shell structure and improving the dielectric properties in temperature-stable BaTiO3-based dielectric ceramics. In this work, the BaTiO3-based ceramics doped with various rare-earth (RE) elements are prepared via the chemical coating method. The metal vacancy assisted A-B jumping migration path is confirmed as the main migration mechanism, where larger RE ions migrate faster and facilitate grain growth. About ∼1 mol% of amphoteric rare-earth ions are necessary to trap the oxygen vacancies and increase the activation energy and depolarized temperature. The electron paramagnetic resonance and thermodynamic model reveals that Mn4+ is not detected in all samples and the content of Mn2+ is determined by the Fermi level of the systems, influenced by the donor/acceptor doping, concentrations, and oxygen partial pressure. This work provides support for the rational design of dielectric materials with excellent dielectric performance and good reliability.
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