Diffusing Capacity for Carbon Monoxide is Linked to Ventilatory Demand in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Abstract

Dyspnea is deemed to result from an imbalance between ventilatory demand and capacity. The single-breath diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) is often the best correlate to dyspnea in COPD. We hypothesized that DLCO contributes to the assessment of ventilatory demand, which is linked to physiological dead space /tidal volume (VD/VT) ratio. An additional objective was to assess the validity of non-invasive measurement of transcutaneous PCO2 allowing the calculation of this ratio. Forty-two subjects (median [range] age: 66 [43–80] years; 12 females) suffering mainly from moderate-to-severe COPD (GOLD stage 2 or 3: n = 36) underwent pulmonary function and incremental exercise tests while taking their regular COPD treatment. DLCO% predicted correlated with both resting and peak physiological VD/VT ratios (r = −0.55, p = 0.0015 and r = −0.40, p = 0.032; respectively). The peak physiological VD/VT ratio contributed to increase ventilation (increased ventilatory demand), to increase dynamic hyperinflation and to impair oxygenation on exercise. Indirect (MRC score) and direct (peak Borg score/% predicted V˙O2) exertional dyspnea assessments were correlated and demonstrated significant relationships with DLCO% predicted and physiological VD/VT at peak exercise, respectively. The non-invasive measurement of transcutaneous PCO2 both at rest and on exercise was validated by Bland-Altman analyses. In conclusion, DLCO constitutes and indirect assessment of ventilatory demand, which is linked to exertional dyspnea in COPD patients. The assessment of this demand can also be non invasively obtained on exercise using transcutaneous PCO2 measurement.