Abstract
Measured diffuse X-ray scattering data for a `smooth' as well as for a `rough' silicon sample were fit to theoretical expressions within the distorted wave Born approximation (DWBA). Data for the power spectral density (PSD) for both samples were also obtained by means of atomic force microscopy and optical interferometry. The Fourier transforms of trial correlation functions were fit to the PSD data and then applied to the DWBA formalism. The net correlation functions needed to fit the PSD data for each sample comprised the sum of two terms with different cutoff lengths and different self-affine fractal exponents. At zero distance these correlation functions added up to yield net values of σ2 = (2)2 and (71)2 Å2 for the smooth and rough samples, respectively. X-ray scattering data were obtained at beamline 1-BM of the Advanced Photon Source. Data and fits at values of qz = 0.05 and 0.10 Å-1 for the smooth sample are reported. Good fits for the smooth sample were obtained at both qz values simultaneously, that is, identical fitting parameters were applied at both values of qz. The smooth sample also exhibited weak Yoneda wings and a clear distinction between the strong specular scattering and the weak diffuse scattering. Data for the rough sample were qualitatively different and exhibited very weak scattering at the specular condition in contrast to extremely large Yoneda wings. Fits for the rough sample are reported for qz = 0.04, 0.05, and 0.06 Å-1. Although the large Yoneda wings could be fit quite well in both position and amplitude, scattering near the specular condition could not be equally well fit by applying the same fitting parameters at all values of qz. Albeit imperfect, best-fitting results at the specular condition were obtained by invoking only diffuse scattering, that is, without including a separate theoretical expression for specular scattering.
Highlights
Diffuse scattering of hard X-rays is a powerful technique to characterize surface roughness in amplitude and in spatial frequency (Sinha et al, 1988; Daillant & Gibaud, 1999)
The power spectral density (PSD) data were fit by taking the Fourier transform of trial autocorrelation functions
Good fits to the diffuse scattering data at two values of qz made by applying the distorted wave Born approximation (DWBA) are reported for the smooth sample
Summary
Diffuse scattering of hard X-rays is a powerful technique to characterize surface roughness in amplitude and in spatial frequency (Sinha et al, 1988; Daillant & Gibaud, 1999). Theoretical expressions applicable to diffuse X-ray scattering from surface roughness were developed in a key paper by Sinha et al (1988). In the treatment of the diffuse scattering, the surface is assumed to be isotropic and dependent only on the separation distance, R = [(X 2 + Y 2)]1/2, between two points in the average plane. A novel aspect of the present X-ray diffuse scattering study is that the power spectral density (PSD) was separately measured.
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