Abstract
Scattering experiments using x-rays and neutrons are particularly useful for investigating local structure properties on atomic length scales in condensed matter. The strict periodic order of an ideal crystal gives rise only to sharp Bragg peaks. There are many effects in real materials, however, which may disturb the ideal order. Substitutional and interstitial defects, lattice displacements of static origin as well as those due to thermal vibrations, voids, precipitates, surfaces, grain boundaries, typically exist in solids. Commercial alloys owe many of their valuable properties to a good mixture of these kinds of disturbances. Scattering contributions due to such disorder will show up in some fashion in the diffuse scattering, i. e. the scattering between the Bragg peaks.
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