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Abstract
The present work describes noninvasive diffuse optical tomography (DOT), a technology for measuring hemodynamic changes in the brain. These changes provide relevant information that helps us to understand the basis of neurophysiology in the human brain. Advantages, such as portability, direct measurements of hemoglobin state, temporal resolution, and the lack of need to restrict movements, as is necessary in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) devices, means that DOT technology can be used both in research and clinically. Here, we describe the use of Bayesian methods to filter raw DOT data as an alternative to the linear filters widely used in signal processing. Common problems, such as filter selection or a false interpretation of the results, which is sometimes caused by the interference of background physiological noise with neural activity, can be avoided with this new method.
Highlights
Functional brain imaging has provided substantial information regarding how dynamic neural processes are distributed in space and time
The optical signals propagating through the brain contain several spontaneous fluctuations originating from cardiac pulsation, respiration, and change of blood pressure, which contaminate the signals measured by diffuse optical tomography (DOT) and induce spatial and temporal changes that may lead to false interpretation of brain activations
It shows the power spectrum density (PSD) for the respiratory fluctuations extracted from the Bayesian method versus the PSD for unfiltered data
Summary
Functional brain imaging has provided substantial information regarding how dynamic neural processes are distributed in space and time. Technical limitations in fMRI devices, such as a fixed scanner, contraindication with metal implants, scanner noise, and stress associated with fear, are avoided or reduced using optical imaging devices. Optical imaging techniques, such as functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), can measure changes in oxyhemoglobin (HbO) and deoxyhemoglobin (HbR) at a much higher sampling rate than fMRI devices. Optical imaging techniques are low-cost when compared to other neuroimaging techniques, such as fMRI or magnetoencephalography (MEG). These circumstances have potentiated the optical imaging techniques development in recent years in research, diagnosis, and prognostic studies
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