Abstract
Interpretation of variations in the position, shape and intensity of diffraction lines leads to detailed models for highly localized changes in the spatial periodicities of the density of solid matter, as the lattice spacings for crystalline material and the composition-modulation period of (even amorphous) multilayers. Ultrafine structures and changes thereof can be characterized. As examples analyses of (i) interdiffusion and the coupled stress and volume changes in amorphous multilayers and of (ii) preprecipitation phenomena in Fe-C and Fe-N martensites have been presented.
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