Difficulty and independence in shopping among older Americans: more than just leaving the house

Abstract

Background: The built, social and economic environments are associated with disability, but knowledge of how these environmental characteristics simultaneously influence older adults’ ability to shop independently is limited.Objective: We investigated cross-sectional associations between the outdoor home, local neighborhood and macrosocioeconomic levels of the environment and shopping difficulty and interactions between environmental factors and shopping difficulty.Methods: Using nationally representative data from a study of Medicare-eligible adults, we conducted a cross-sectional secondary data analysis to examine associations between the environment and difficulty shopping (N = 5504).Results: Sidewalk conditions, broken steps, neighborhood social cohesion and neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage were associated with more difficulty shopping, although health factors partially accounted for associations between broken steps and disadvantage and shopping difficulty. The association between social cohesion and shopping difficulty also depended on the degree of socioeconomic disadvantage in the neighborhood.Conclusions: Overall, results suggest that factors in the outdoor and local neighborhood environment influence the ability to shop independently for older adults, but that it also may depend on the socioeconomic context of the neighborhood. Interventions aimed at improving the built environment directly outside of older adults’ homes and helping increase social cohesion among neighbors, has the potential to reduce difficulty in carrying out this important activity.Implications for rehabilitationBuilt features of the outdoor home environment including sidewalks and broken steps influence whether older adults are able to safely leave their home to conduct daily activities such as shopping, so it is important that clinicians and rehabilitation professionals are aware of these challenges when helping their patients resume daily activities such as shopping.The physical condition and safety of the immediate outdoor home and neighborhood environment is critical for maintaining independence and well-being for older adults, which is critical for physical rehabilitation as well as maintenance of essential activities such as shopping.Living in more socially cohesive neighborhoods may aid in physical rehabilitation efforts by helping older adults feel more comfortable and able to shop independently in neighborhoods with social and economic disadvantages.