Abstract
Abstract The principal source of information for operational flash flood monitoring and warning issuance is weather radar–based quantitative estimates of precipitation. Rain gauges are considered truth for the purposes of validating and calibrating real-time radar-derived precipitation data, both in a real-time sense and climatologically. This paper examines various uncertainties and challenges involved with using radar and rain gauge data in a severe local storm environment. A series of severe thunderstorm systems that occurred across northeastern Montana illustrates various problems with comparing radar precipitation estimates and real-time gauge data, including extreme wind effects, hail, missing gauge data, and radar quality control. Ten radar–gauge time series pairs were analyzed with most found to be not useful for real-time radar calibration. These issues must be carefully considered within the context of ongoing efforts to develop robust real-time tools for evaluating radar–gauge uncertainties. Recommendations are made for radar and gauge data quality control efforts that would benefit the operational use of gauge data.
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