DIFFICULTIES OF SYSTEMATIZATION OF POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS OF ENDOSCOPIC TREATMENT FOR UROLITHIASIS AND THE SOLUTION WAYS OF THE PROBLEM

Abstract

Actuality. Classification of postoperative complications Clavien-Dindo is designed to monitor complications and compare data between different centers. But for an objective assessment of complications, for each method of surgical treatment, a generally accepted norm of postoperative course should be developed, taking into account the specifics of the intervention. The absence of such a norm in the endoscopic treatment of urolithiasis leads to mistakes in the evaluation of postoperative complications. Purpose of research . Critical assessment of Clavien-Dindo grading system for surgical complications and its adaptation for evaluation of postoperative complications of endoscopic surgery for urolithiasis. Materials and methods. Retrospectively evaluated 1027 patients with urolithiasis who were operated endoscopically. The average age was 38.9 ± 15.6 (4 to 84) years. From the position of endoscopic surgery patients with “simple” stone were 446 (43.4 %), with “complex” — 581 (56.6 %). In 765 (74.5 %) patients stones were located in PCS, in PCS and ureter — in 60 (5.8 %), only in the ureter — in 202 (19.7 %). Size of stones in 1027 arranged 30.3 ± 0.6 (3 to 150) mm; located only in the ureter — 14.4 ± 0.5 (3 to 55) mm. From 1027 cases in 948 stones were removed via PC access (in the prone position), in 79 - transurethral. Regardless of the type of access only pneumatic lithotripsy were performed, which made possible to objectively evaluate the effectiveness of treatment in different groups. For systematization of complications Clavien-Dindo (2004) grading system was used. Results . Based on many years of experience of the RSCU’s staff in the endoscopic treatment of urolithiasis, as well by determining the category of complexity urinary stones from the position of endoscopic surgery, a clear boundary was determined between the normal postoperative period and the complicated one. Deviations from the standard of the postoperative period were found in 195 (19.0 %) patients with 250 complications, which were systematized by the way of critical evaluation and correction of the ClavienDindo classification: I – 64 (6.2 %), II – 111 (10.8 %), IIIa – 33 (3.2 %), IIIb – 39 (3.8 %), Iva – 3 (0.3 %), IVb – 0, V – 0. Conclusions. In order to optimally adapt the classification of surgical complications Clavien-Dindo, in relation to endoscopic surgery for urolithiasis, it was necessary to develop indicators standard of normal postoperative course of endoscopic treatment for urolithiasis. In turn, standard course must be accepted by Urology society. And only thereafter it will be possible to objectively compare the results of treatment between different centers. According to adapted Clavien-Dindo classification 70 % of complications of endoscopic treatment of urolithiasis were I - II grade and they were eliminated by conservative therapy, 30 % — attributed to grade III-IV, and to eliminate them were required additional invasive interventions and intensive care.