Abstract
Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata, CPB) is considered one of the most persistent crop pests because it is highly adaptable and can rapidly develop insecticide resistance. Nowadays, this beetle is resistant to over 54 different insecticides. In the absence of competitive alternatives, the answer of farmers to the high degree of pest adaptability is to increase the number of pesticide treatments or apply chemicals with different modes of action. Such a strategy increases the risk of intoxication in non-target organisms and leads to environmental pollution, augmenting the carbon footprint. Furthermore, these strategies are also unsustainable and inefficient for pest management in the long-term. The time has thus come to reform existing agriculture practices, for which the implementation of an integrated pest management strategy would be a more feasible tool. Applying a sustainable pest management strategy is indispensable for a better understanding of the status and mechanisms of insecticide resistance. Effective pest management requires monitoring the resistance of pests and developing a well-programmed pesticide treatment to simultaneously reduce the insecticide selection pressure and environmental pollution. In this context, here we present a review on the difficulties of potato pest control using as a case study the resistance of CPB to pyrethroids.
Highlights
Pesticides are natural or synthetic substances used to kill, deter or control undesirable organisms
Here we present a review on the difficulties of potato pest control using as a case study the resistance of CPB to pyrethroids
These insecticides often overstimulate the firing of excitatory neurons, which lead to hyperexcitation, or they achieve the same effect in a completely difPfeyrreentthwroaiydbsyarbeloscykninthgethtiec isnthruibcittuorryalndeuerriovtraatnivsmesisosfioinns(eFcitgiucride a1l).pyrethrins found in the pyrethrum extract of Chrysanthemum species and can be characterized by having a high deg3r.1e.ePoyfreltihprooipdhs ilicity [23]
Summary
Pesticides are natural or synthetic substances used to kill, deter or control undesirable organisms. The pesticides family includes herbicides, insecticides, fungicides and disinfectants for preventing the spread of bacteria or viruses [1]. The toxicity of pesticides is determined by the concentration of the substances and by the exposure time [2]. Small residues of synthetic pesticides can persist for a long time in the environment (soil, fresh or sea water, on the surface of vegetables or even inside the crops and derived products), which increases the possibility of poisoning non-target organisms, including humans. Despite the extensive use of pesticides with various active ingredients, an estimated 34% of all potato crops are lost annually to insect pests. Without crop protection almost 75% of potato production would be lost [4,5]
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