Abstract

Contemporary research on Jihadist and other violent Muslim organisations places a significant amount of blame on ideological drivers within Islam. This chapter seeks to challenge that assertion by comparing Islamic movements in India and Pakistan. Analysing Salafist movements in both the nations, it demonstrates that factions within the movement in Pakistan have turned violent whereas they have remained wholly peaceful in India. Significantly, it argues that state fragility in Pakistan has played a role in shaping the relation between Salafism and violence. Consequently, using a combination of discourse analysis, interviews, and existing literature it argues that national narratives, minority-majority relations and geopolitical realities, have played a larger role in forming a collective identity that encourages violence rather than ideology alone.

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