Abstract
Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the multi-lineage differentiation potential of adipose derived adult stem (ADAS) and the implications this can have on the nascent fields of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Adipose tissue is found throughout the body in the adult human and serves multiple functions throughout life. Adipose depots have been categorized, based on morphology and distinct histochemical markers, into two types: white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT). In adult humans, WAT is the most abundant form, whereas BAT serves to insulate and heat the major organs and vessels in newborn humans and in hibernating animals. The development of adipocytes has been examined in human, rodent, rabbit, and porcine embryos by light and electron micrographic methods. Adipose tissues are derived from the embryonic mesoderm and initially appear as condensations of mesenchymal cells. The isolation of rodent adipose cells is described. This involved fine mincing of the adipose tissue, collagenase digestion, and differential centrifugation to separating the mature adipocytes from the stromal-vascular fraction containing blood cells, fibroblasts, pericytes, endothelial cells, and putative adipocyte precursors. The protocol for the isolation of ADAS cells from liter quantities of liposuction aspirates is outlined in the chapter.
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