Abstract
Although stem cells are present in various adult tissues and body fluids, bone marrow has been the most popular source of stem cells for treatment of a wide range of diseases. Recent results for stem cells from adipose tissue have put it in a position to compete for being the leading therapeutic source. The major advantage of these stem cells over their counterparts is their amazing proliferative and differentiation potency. However, their pancreatic lineage transdifferentiation competence was not compared to that for bone marrow-derived stem cells. This study aims to identify an efficient source for transdifferentiation into pancreatic islet-like clusters, which would increase potential application in curative diabetic therapy. The results reveal that mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) derived from bone marrow and subcutaneous adipose tissue can differentiate into pancreatic islet-like clusters, as evidenced by their islet-like morphology, positive dithizone staining and expression of genes such as Nestin, PDX1, Isl 1, Ngn 3, Pax 4 and Insulin. The pancreatic lineage differentiation was further corroborated by positive results in the glucose challenge assay. However, the results indicate that bone marrow-derived MSCs are superior to those from subcutaneous adipose tissue in terms of differentiation into pancreatic islet-like clusters. In conclusion, bone marrow-derived MSC might serve as a better alternative in the treatment of diabetes mellitus than those from adipose tissue.
Highlights
Cell therapy using autologous adult stem cells has been recognized for its potential to revolutionize the field of regenerative medicine
Transplantation of islet-like cells obtained from bone marrow- or subcutaneous adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) materialized as a promising method for the treatment of diabetes mellitus [11, 12, 19, 22,23,24,25]
The results revealed a similar expression profile for bone marrowderived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) with regard to certain markers, except for cluster of differentiation (CD) 49d, which showed a higher expression in ADSC than BMSC
Summary
Cell therapy using autologous adult stem cells has been recognized for its potential to revolutionize the field of regenerative medicine. In the light of the widespread diabetes epidemic, transplantation of autologous adult stem cells derived from bone marrow and adipose tissue [10,11,12] has shown potential as an alternative therapeutic approach that could obviate the aforementioned limitations associated with diabetic treatment. Bone marrow-derived stem cells have a lower proliferative potency and have not proven promising candidates for the treatment of widespread diseases [13,14,15,16,17,18] Despite this limitation, there have been reports on the ability of bone marrowderived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) to successfully transdifferentiate into pancreatic beta cells [12, 19], thereby indicating the potential of BMSC as a promising alternative in the treatment of diabetes. There have been reports indicating the successful transdifferentiation of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) into pancreatic beta cells [11, 20]
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