Differentiation of EMCI in sMR images using segmented brainstem multifractal texture measures

Abstract

In this Letter, an attempt has been made to segment the brainstem structure from structural magnetic resonance (sMR) images and differentiate early mild cognitive impairment (EMCI) from normal and Alzheimer's condition using multifractal texture measures. The images considered from public domain database are preprocessed and brainstem is segmented using fuzzy ‘C’ means-based connected component labelling method. Multifractal spectrum (MS) is evaluated for the segmented brainstem structure using the multifractal detrended moving average technique. Seven MS-based texture measures are extracted and statistically analysed using one-way analysis of variance. Classification algorithms namely, naïve Bayes, decision tree and random forest (RF) are employed to distinguish the EMCI condition. Ten-fold cross-validation approach is executed and its performance is evaluated using accuracy, precision, recall and area under the curve. The results indicate that the segmented brainstem structures possess multifractal characteristics. Of the extracted MS-based texture measures, αmax, α0, αR, B and Δα are found to be statistically significant. RF gives the highest accuracy of 92.3% in distinguishing EMCI from other subject groups. Hence, the proposed approach with brainstem MS-based texture measures in combination with RF can be used as an imaging biomarker for the diagnosis of EMCI.