Abstract
Agricultural distillates are used for the production of spirit beverages. As more and more products with a specific botanical composition specified on the label are produced (e.g. rye vodkas, wheat vodkas and Polish Vodka, which cannot be produced with the addition of maize distillate), it is necessary to look for quicker and more accurate methods allowing the determination of botanical origin of alcoholic beverages and materials used to their production. The aim of this study is to verify the usefulness of the electronic nose based on the ultra-fast gas chromatography for quick differentiation between agricultural distillates according to their botanical origin. Nineteen samples included distillates from rye, triticale, wheat and maize were used for the research. For data analysis, the following methods were used: PCA—Principal Component Analysis, DFA—Discriminant Function Analysis, SIMCA classification (SIMCA—Soft Independent Modeling of Class Analogies) and SQC—Statistical Quality Control. The use of the electronic nose with ultra-fast gas chromatography and the use of DFA and SIMCA analyses allowed differentiation between agricultural distillates according to their botanical origin.
Highlights
According to Regulation No 110/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council (EC) of 15 January 2008, a distillate of agricultural origin means an alcoholic liquid, which is obtained by the distillation, after alcoholic fermentation, from specific agricultural products, which do not has the characteristics of ethyl alcohol or a spirit drink, but still retains the odour and flavour of the ingredients used
The aim of this study is to verify the usefulness of the electronic nose based on the ultra-fast gas chromatography Heracles II form Alpha MOS Co. (Toulouse, France) for quick differentiation between agricultural distillates according to their botanical origin
The SIMCA analysis is based on PCA models which are created for all the objects in the first stage of the analysis
Summary
According to Regulation No 110/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council (EC) of 15 January 2008, a distillate of agricultural origin means an alcoholic liquid, which is obtained by the distillation, after alcoholic fermentation, from specific agricultural products, which do not has the characteristics of ethyl alcohol or a spirit drink, but still retains the odour and flavour of the ingredients used. The regulation defines the minimum alcoholic strength by volume, which should be 96.0 % vol, and the maximum levels of some compounds, such as esters up to 1.3 g/hl of alcohol 100 % vol (expressed in grams of ethyl acetate), aldehydes 0.5 g/hl (expressed in grams of acetaldehyde), higher alcohols 0.5 g/ hl (expressed in grams of 2-methyl-1-propanol) and methanol 30 g/hl. The composition of agricultural distillates is influenced by the material, from which it is produced and fermentation conditions, including, amongst other things, tanks, in which this process is conducted and the distillation process (Tarko 2006). Volatile substances, which enter the distillate as by-products, can include the following groups of compounds: methanol, higher alcohols, esters, fatty acids, carbonyl compounds, i.e. aldehydes, ketones, acetals and other (Tarko 2006; Stanisz et al 2009).
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