Abstract

Combustion processes continue to be essential for the energy supply sector. A reliable energetic evaluation of these processes is crucial, particularly since the pollutants resulting from combustion have a significant impact on global warming. This work evaluates a combustion using the exergetic evaluation and the Physical Optimum (PhO) as it is described in VDI-Guideline 4663. Differences between PhO and exergy are investigated, allowing a distinct differentiation and examining the PhO’s added value in combustion analysis. Based on the evaluation of a simulated methane combustion, this paper shows that the PhO-Factor may be used to evaluate combustion processes. However, it shows that the PhO of a combustion process is a simplification of this fuels exergy and does not provide advantages to the exergy evaluation. Nevertheless, an adaption of the PhO is not carried out in the context of this work since the minimal deviation of the simulated energy indicators currently cannot justify an adaptation. In addition, proposed adjustments of the reference value (PhO) could lead to the definition limits of the PhO-Factor being exceeded. The paper introduces the indirect PhO-Factor for a targeted process optimization. It is shown that in this case, the indirect PhO-Factor closely corresponds to the exergy efficiency.

Highlights

  • In his book Technische Verbrennung, Warnatz [1] describes combustion as the oldest technology of mankind [1]

  • The air–fuel equivalence ratio λ, which sets the actual air mass in relation to the minimum air mass that is theoretically required for a stoichiometrical combustion, is initially λ = m m L = 1

  • Combustion processes are still highly present in energy technology and their use of fossil fuels continues to have a significant impact on greenhouse gas emissions [26,27]

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Summary

Introduction

In his book Technische Verbrennung, Warnatz [1] describes combustion as the oldest technology of mankind [1]. Though it has been used for more than a million years, comAccepted: Energies4 2021, 14, x FOR PEER REVIEW bustion technology is still of major relevance today. Published: 9 June 2021 shows the composition of Germany’s gross electricity production in 2010 and 2019. Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

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