Abstract
Construction projects and cities account for over 50% of carbon emissions and energy consumption. Industry 4.0 and digital transformation may increase productivity and reduce energy consumption. A digital twin (DT) is a key enabler in implementing Industry 4.0 in the areas of construction and smart cities. It is an emerging technology that connects different objects by utilising the advanced Internet of Things (IoT). As a technology, it is in high demand in various industries, and its literature is growing exponentially. Previous digital modeling practices, the use of data acquisition tools, human–computer–machine interfaces, programmable cities, and infrastructure, as well as Building Information Modeling (BIM), have provided digital data for construction, monitoring, or controlling physical objects. However, a DT is supposed to offer much more than digital representation. Characteristics such as bi-directional data exchange and real-time self-management (e.g., self-awareness or self-optimisation) distinguish a DT from other information modeling systems. The need to develop and implement DT is rising because it could be a core technology in many industrial sectors post-COVID-19. This paper aims to clarify the DT concept and differentiate it from other advanced 3D modeling technologies, digital shadows, and information systems. It also intends to review the state of play in DT development and offer research directions for future investigation. It recommends the development of DT applications that offer rapid and accurate data analysis platforms for real-time decisions, self-operation, and remote supervision requirements post-COVID-19. The discussion in this paper mainly focuses on the Smart City, Engineering and Construction (SCEC) sectors.
Highlights
The exponential development of technology in recent years is highlighted by the concept of Industry 4.0 and respective initiatives in various contexts of the Smart City, Engineering and Construction (SCEC) sectors, such as Building 4.0 [1], Real Estate 4.0 [2], Construction 4.0 [3,4,5,6], Mining 4.0 [7,8], Education 4.0 [9,10,11], and Manufacturing 4.0 [12,13]
In order to present the quantitative features of digital twin scientific research and Trends offer an insight the scholarly publications, this section provides a set of analyses
In order to present the quantitative features of digital twin scientific research andtrends, as well as evaluating relevant literature
Summary
The exponential development of technology in recent years is highlighted by the concept of Industry 4.0 and respective initiatives in various contexts of the Smart City, Engineering and Construction (SCEC) sectors, such as Building 4.0 [1], Real Estate 4.0 [2], Construction 4.0 [3,4,5,6], Mining 4.0 [7,8], Education 4.0 [9,10,11], and Manufacturing 4.0 [12,13]. The Industry 4.0 concept relies on connecting physical environments with digital ecosystems. Before distinguishing DT from other current practices, it is vital to clarify whether DT can be considered a technology. This is essential to present a consistent understanding of the context and to align thinking as discussion advances. The concept of DT is new to the literature in built environment disciplines, including smart cities, building, construction, and mining. In order to present the quantitative features of digital twin scientific research and
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