Differentiating Autism Spectrum Disorder and OCD

Abstract

This chapter explores the overlapping clinical presentation and shared genetics and neurobiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). ASD often presents with repetitive behaviors reminiscent of OCD, whereas OCD, at times, can include autistic traits involving social and communication difficulties. This can lead to difficult diagnostic distinctions, which can at times have relevance to treatment. The distinction between compulsions and autistic stereotypies merits particular discussion. Clinical features that should lead to exploration of a diagnosis of ASD include stereotypies such as hand flapping, body rocking or twirling; fixed interests or preoccupations that are ego-syntonic; and impaired social-communicative behavior.