Abstract
The present data of growth factors, oncogenes, tumor-suppressor-genes and environmental factors can be summarized in thus: thyrotropin, growth factors and other hormones do increase thyrocyte growth and specific mutations of growth factor receptors (thyrotropin receptor [TSH-R], alpha subunit of hetero-trimeric transducer protein [GSP]) cause autonomously functioning thyroid tissue and differentiated thyroid carcinoma. In the thyroid, as in other organs, genes that are found to be differentially expressed between normal thyroid tissue and thyroid carcinomas can be used as targets for molecular-based diagnosis and therapy. Deregulation of tumor suppressor gene p53, however, parallels dedifferentiation of papillary and follicular thyroid cancer but has been found in few cases only. Iodide inhibiting thyrocyte growth will have to be investigated more intensively after sodium-iodide-symporter (NIS) has been cloned, and studies may now be available that could lead to form of conservative treatment in especially dedifferentiated thyroid cancer.
Highlights
The present data of growth factors, oncogenes, tumor-suppressor-genes and environmental factors can be summarized in : thyrotropin, growth factors and other hormones do increase thyrocyte growth and specific mutations of growth factor receptors (thyrotropin receptor [TSH-R], alpha subunit of hetero-trimeric transducer protein [GSP]) cause autonomously functioning thyroid tissue and differentiated thyroid carcinoma
The present data of growth factors, oncogenes, tumor-suppressor-genes and environmental factors can be summarized in : thyrotropin, growth factors and other hormones do increase thyrocyte growth and specific mutations of growth factor receptors cause autonomously functioning thyroid tissue and differentiated thyroid carcinoma
Whether external iodine intake is the only major factor influencing goiter development and thyroid cancer growth has been questioned, and familial predominance of goiters and specific expression of oncogenes as well as tumor suppressor genes have been investigated by numerous authors [2,3,4,5]
Summary
The present data of growth factors, oncogenes, tumor-suppressor-genes and environmental factors can be summarized in : thyrotropin, growth factors and other hormones do increase thyrocyte growth and specific mutations of growth factor receptors (thyrotropin receptor [TSH-R], alpha subunit of hetero-trimeric transducer protein [GSP]) cause autonomously functioning thyroid tissue and differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Whether external iodine intake is the only major factor influencing goiter development and thyroid cancer growth has been questioned, and familial predominance of goiters and specific expression of oncogenes as well as tumor suppressor genes have been investigated by numerous authors [2,3,4,5]. The growth inhibiting effect of iodine in thyroid tissues and thyroid cells in culture was well known for a long time but its molecular mechanism has not been demonstrated until very recently [9].
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