Abstract
The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is regarded as one of the world’s most harmful plant pests. This research examines the molecular response processes of FAW to low temperature (4°C) and high temperature (40°C) when gene expression is compared to controls (25°C). A total of 211,967 unigenes were collected, at least 14,338 of which were annotated with gene descriptions, gene ontology terms, and metabolic pathways. There were 50 Gene Ontology (GO) functional sub-groups and 21 EggNOG words as a result. Differentially expresses genes (DEGs) with log2FC ≥ 2 were identified and compared at various temperatures. In comparison to the 25°C treated group, we discovered 199 and 1,248 individual DEGs co-regulated at 4 and 40°C, respectively. Comparing transcriptome profiles for differential gene expression revealed a number of DEGs, including cytochrome P450, odorant binding proteins (OBPs), and immune system genes previously implicated in cold and high temperature stresses. The enrichment pathways were identified using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomics (KEGG) analysis, and heatmaps of similar unigenes from both treatment groups (T4 and T40) were plotted. We used quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) to confirm the RNA-seq data on 10 up- and down-regulated DEGs. These findings provide a foundation for future understanding of FAW adaptation mechanisms and the underlying basis underlying the response to low and high temperatures.
Highlights
Introduction1797), (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is native to the American continent’s tropical and subtropical regions (Sparks, 1979), and is one of the world’s most destructive crop pests
A comprehensive analysis of gene expression control under temperature stress is an essential step toward understanding the biochemical and physiological adaptation mechanism in invasive insect pests to cope with harsh conditions (Liu et al, 2017; Zhou et al, 2019)
A detailed transcriptome analysis and characterization of the gene expression profiles of the fall armyworm (FAW) were evaluated under cold and high temperature stress, and transcriptome changes in larval stages were revealed through Differentially expresses genes (DEGs) analysis
Summary
1797), (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is native to the American continent’s tropical and subtropical regions (Sparks, 1979), and is one of the world’s most destructive crop pests This pest is polyphagous, and because of its diverse host range, S. frugiperda is one of the most dangerous pests threatening tropical annual crops (Andrews, 1980; Cruz et al, 1999). In 2018 and 2019, FAW was found in many Southeast Asian countries, including India, Thailand, Myanmar, China, the South Korea, Japan, the Philippines, Indonesia, and, most recently, Australia (Du Plessis et al, 2020). They are typically composed of two genetically distinct strains, including such rice (R-strain) and corn (C-strain) (Quisenberry, 1991; Nagoshi and Meagher, 2004)
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