Abstract

ABSTRACT Hummingbird migration has long fascinated researchers due to the limitations of small body size and high metabolic rate on migratory performance. Yet, few data are available concerning hummingbird migration strategies, especially for species that must negotiate major geographic barriers. To address this problem, we investigated the migration ecology of Ruby-throated Hummingbirds (Archilochus colubris) passing through a coastal banding station in southwest Louisiana following flights across the Gulf of Mexico. Our aims were to describe the phenology of spring migration and explore potential differences in the migration ecology of males and females. During our 10-yr study (1998–2007), we found that peak hummingbird passage generally occurred in the second half of April and that males preceded females by about three days. However, females arrived in significantly better energetic condition as measured by fat and muscle stores as well as size-corrected body mass. Most birds did not stay at our study site to refuel, only 2% of individually marked birds were recaptured more than a day after initial capture (range = 1–5 d). Our results suggest that Ruby-throated Hummingbirds exhibit protandrous migration (i.e., males migrate earlier) and that en route body condition may be a consequence of sexual dimorphism in wing morphology (i.e., lower wing loading in females) that allows females to expend less energy during migration across the Gulf of Mexico. RESUMEN La migracion de colibries siempre ha fascinado a investigadores debido a las limitaciones de tamano pequeno de cuerpo y alta tasa metabolica en el rendimiento migratorio. Sin embargo, hay pocos datos disponibles sobre las estrategias de migracion de colibries, especialmente para las especies que deben negociar grandes barreras geograficas. Nosotros investigamos la ecologia de migracion del Colibri Garganta Rubi (Archilochus colubris) que pasa a traves de una estacion de anillamiento en la costa suroeste de Louisiana despues de sus vuelos a traves del Golfo de Mexico. Nuestros objetivos fueron describir la fenologia de la migracion de primavera y explorar las posibles diferencias en la ecologia de la migracion de machos y hembras. Durante nuestros 10 anos de estudio (1998–2007), encontramos que el pico de paso de colibri generalmente ocurrio en la segunda quincena de abril y que los machos precedieron a las hembras por unos tres dias. Sin embargo, las hembras llegaron en significativa y mejor condicion energetica medido por medio de reservas de grasa y musculo, asi como el tamano corregido por masa corporal. La mayoria de las aves no se quedaron en nuestro sitio de estudio para re-abastecerse, solo el 2% de las aves marcadas individualmente fueron capturados mas de un dia despues de la captura inicial (rango = 1–5 dias). Nuestros resultados sugieren que los Colibries Garganta Rubi exhiben una migracion protandra (es decir, los machos migran antes) y que la condicion corporal en-ruta puede ser una consecuencia del dimorfismo sexual en la morfologia del ala (es decir, menor carga alar en las hembras) que permite a las hembras de gastar menos energia durante la migracion a traves del Golfo de Mexico.

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