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Abstract
BackgroundBrachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity (baPWV) and Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) are widely used in clinic for evaluating arterial stiffness and atherosclerosis separately. This study aimed to compare the sensitivity of baPWV and ABI for cardiovascular risk assessment in elderly Chinese.MethodsBaPWV, ABI and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness (cIMT) were assessed in 169 elderly Chinese with the mean age of 85.7 years.ResultsCompared with normotensive participants, baPWV levels elevated in both limbs of hypertensive patients (2219 ± 90 cm/s vs. 1970 ± 66 cm/s, p = 0.090; 2141 ± 52 cm/s vs. 1932 ± 67 cm/s, p = 0.023, separately). Compared with non-diabetes Mellitus (DM) participants, ABI levels declined in both limbs of DM patients (0.96 ± 0.02 vs. 1.05 ± 0.02, p = 0.002 and 0.99 ± 0.03 vs. 1.03 ± 0.02, p = 0.071, separately). ABI of left limbs and ABI of right limbs were negatively correlated to cIMT (R = −0.136, p = 0.090; R = −0.196, p = 0.026, separately) after adjusted by age, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, body mass index, triglycerides, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein. The regression model for predicting Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) included the factors of gender, age, hypertension, baPWV of left limbs and baPWV of right limbs (OR = 6.701, 95% CI 0.911–49.310, p = 0.062; OR = 1.181, 95% CI 1.051–1.327, p = 0.005; OR = 0.214, 95% CI 0.066–0.688, p = 0.010; OR = 1.002, 95% CI 1.000–1.003, p = 0.065; OR = 0.998, 95% CI 0.996–0.999, p = 0.006, separately).ConclusionIn elderly Chinese, baPWV was elevated in hypertensive patients while ABI was lower in DM patients compared with healthy people. Compared with baPWV, ABI is better equivalent to cIMT. But for predicting the risk of CVD, baPWV is a better biomarker.
Highlights
Cardiovascular disease and cerebral vascular disease are the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide [1,2,3]
Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) of left limbs and ABI of right limbs were negatively correlated to Carotid Intima-Media Thickness (cIMT) (R = −0.136, p = 0.090; R = −0.196, p = 0.026, separately) after adjusted by age, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, body mass index, triglycerides, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein
The regression model for predicting Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) included the factors of gender, age, hypertension, Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity (baPWV) of left limbs and baPWV of right limbs (OR = 6.701, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.911–49.310, p = 0.062; odds ratio (OR) = 1.181, 95% CI 1.051–1.327, p = 0.005; OR = 0.214, 95% CI 0.066–0.688, p = 0.010; OR = 1.002, 95% CI 1.000–1.003, p = 0.065; OR = 0.998, 95% CI 0.996–0.999, p = 0.006, separately)
Summary
Cardiovascular disease and cerebral vascular disease are the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide [1,2,3]. Arterial stiffness has been recognized to be involved in the process of atherosclerosis [4,5]. Arterial stiffness is characterized by the loss of vessel elasticity and arterial compliance. There is no guide for choice of method for evaluating cardiovascular risk in elderly population with different diseases, such as hypertension or Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity (baPWV) and Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) are widely used in clinic for evaluating arterial stiffness and atherosclerosis separately.
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