Abstract
An experimental investigation has been performed on ice nucleation rates over a range of degrees of undercooling, in water and in 15%, 25% and 35% w/w aqueous solutions of hydroxyethyl starch. An emulsion of droplets of the aqueous phase to be studied was cooled in a differential scanning calorimeter. The heat of crystallization was measured from which the nucleation rate was deduced after the droplet size (assumed uniform) had been determined. All the results obtained are in the main consistent with classical nucleation theory. The presence of hydroxyethyl starch is found to lead to pronounced increases in the exponential factor; this effect may be explained by changes in the interfacial free energies between ice and the aqueous phases. Discrepancies seen at both the high and the low temperature ends of the scans can be attributed to contributions to the exotherms by droplets of volumes larger and smaller, respectively, than the average.
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