Differential responses to trauma: Migration-related discriminants of post-traumatic stress disorder among Southeast Asian refugees

Abstract

This study examined possible differentiating experiences between Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and non-PTSD refugees, after matching them on certain demographic characteristics and exposure to trauma. Previous research on predictors of PTSD usually has not controlled for differences in trauma exposure between the comparison groups. By examining individuals who have had similar traumatic histories, this study more clearly identified some factors implicated in the development of PTSD among Southeast Asians. To increase comparability with previous PTSD research, all events were assessed with reference to three time frames involving premigration, migration, and postmigration periods. The role of anger reactions was also examined in view of previous findings from the veteranbased PTSD research. Finally, this study ascertained the influence of acculturation and cultural identity orientation because these variables often have been implicated in the adjustment of Asian Americans. Results from the present study indicate that respondents with PTSD appeared to experience and express much more anger and were more dependent on public assistance. They were also less engaged in maintaining their cultural traditions and ties. However, more life changes and a trend toward more separations and reunifications with family members were evidenced for those without PTSD. The implications of these findings in developing community intervention strategies for Southeast Asian refugees who have experienced trauma are discussed.