Differential responses of eight cyanobacterial and green algal species, to carbamate insecticides

Abstract

In this study, five carbamate insecticides were subjected to 96 h acute toxicity tests to examine their effects on three cyanobacteria, Anabaena flos-aquae, Microcystis flos-aquae, and Mirocystis aeruginosa, and five green algae, Selenastrum capricornutun, Scenedesmus quadricauda, Scenedesmus obliquus, Chlorella vulgaris, and Chlorella pyrenoidosa. The average acute toxicity of the carbamate insecticides to the cyanobacteria and the green algae was in descending order carbaryl>carbofuran, propoxur, metolcarb>carbosulfan. Wide variations in response to the tested carbamate insecticides occurred among the eight individual species of cyanobacteria and green algae. The sensitivity of various species of algae exposed to carbofuran, propoxur, metolcarb, and carbaryl varied over one order of magnitude, and that of algae exposed to carbosulfan varied over two orders of magnitude. With regard to the diffrential sensitivity of cyanobacteria and green algae, the cyanobacteria were less sensitive than green algae to carbosulfan and propoxur. The pollutants may initiate a shift of algal group structure; especially, a shift from dominance by green algae to dominance by cyanobacteria, and may sustain cyanobacterial blooms at particular times. Therefore, the descending order of the ecosystem risk was carbosulfan>propoxur>carbofuran>carbaryl, metolcarb. There was a strong variance between toxicity and ecosystem risk; i.e., “low toxicity” does not imply “low ecosystem risk.”