Differential Reorganization of Structural Elements of the Iridociliary and Perenticular Zones in the Hydrodynamic Blocks Formation

Abstract

Background. The key link in the pathogenesis of angle-closure glaucoma is the formation of structural blocks that initiate a violation of hydrostatic balance. However, if the parameters of the eyeball are equal, the state of the outflow pathways, the level of intraocular pressure and the eye hydrodynamics may be different. It was suggested that the formation of hydrodynamic blocks in patients with hypermetropia may be initiated at a young age by the processes of excessive accommodation, which are aggravated by physiological aging, accompanied by the formation of presbyopia. Aim. To find out the factors that provoke and aggravate the processes of formation of pathological changes in the eye hydrodynamics in patients with older hypermetropia. Materials and methods. A comprehensive study of the anterior segment of the eye was performed in 80 patients aged 45–60 years with hypermetropic refraction. Structural deviations were evaluated using ultrasound biomicroscopy and interactive Scheimpflug registration of the anterior segment of the eye (“Pentacam HR”, Oculus, USA) with the calculation of the parameters of the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye and the Lowe coefficient. Tonometry and tonography were performed on an electronic tonograph “Mentor” (Tecnar Ophthalmic, USA). Results and conclusion. The total results of the study of 80 patients with hypermetropia were processed using cluster analysis, which revealed significant and significant heterogeneity for three clusters. Comparative and regression analysis found that the parameters transformation and intraocular structures position are initial and under the conditions of the load test in subjects of the first and third clusters was accompanied by a violation of the eye hydrodynamics with the predominant inclusion of the lenticular or iridociliary component, respectively. The changes detected in patients of the second cluster were characterized by balanced moderate changes in structural relationships and the absence of a clinically significant intraocular pressure increase.