Abstract
The phospholipase A2 (PLA2) family members are critical regulators of membrane structure and lipid composition and have been implicated in neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and neurodegeneration. Here, we review the published data describing regulation of cPLA2 and iPLA2 gene expression. Based on promoter sequence, cPLA2 expression can be regulated by glucocorticoid and pro-inflammatory cytokines, whereas transcription of iPLA2 can be controlled in response to sterol level. RNA degradation in 3′ UTR and epigenetic mechanisms may be involved in the regulation of cPLA2 and iPLA2 expression, respectively. MicroRNA target sequences lie within cPLA2 and iPLA2 mRNAs. Together, these findings indicate differential regulation of cPLA2 and iPLA2 expression. It is hoped that determination of diverse regulatory mechanisms of the PLA2 family may open new doors for development of novel therapeutic compounds that modulate PLA2 expression and function in the treatment of brain diseases.
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