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Abstract
Affected by natural and human-induced factors, cultural heritage sites and their surroundings face threats of structural instability and land displacement. Accurate and rapid identification of the key areas facing existing or potential deformation risks is essential for the conservation and sustainability of heritage sites, particularly for huge archaeological regions. In recent years, the successful application of differential radar interferometry techniques for the measurement of millimeter-level terrain motions has demonstrated their potential for deformation monitoring and preventive diagnosis of cultural heritage sites. In this paper, we review the principles of advanced differential radar interferometry approaches and their applicability for structural and ground deformation monitoring over heritage sites. Then, the advantages and challenges of these approaches are analyzed, followed by a discussion on the selection of radar interferometry systems for different archaeological applications. Finally, a workflow, integrating space-borne and ground-based differential radar interferometry technologies for deformation anomaly monitoring and preventive diagnosis of cultural heritage sites, is proposed.
Highlights
Cultural heritage is an irreversible wealth of human civilization and is critical to our understanding of human evolution and cultural diversity
Compared to traditional monitoring methods, differential radar interferometry shows significant advantages in multi-scale deformation monitoring for cultural heritage
Establishing deformation monitoring systems based on the commonness and specificity of cultural heritage is a challenging task
Summary
Cultural heritage is an irreversible wealth of human civilization and is critical to our understanding of human evolution and cultural diversity Heritage sites and their surroundings are prone to be affected by natural factors, such as disasters, climate change and hydro-geological variation, as well as by human activities, like uncontrolled tourism, resource over-exploitation and land encroachment. Deformation monitoring in cultural heritage sites is carried out by installing electrical sensors in selected structures with automatic systems for data acquisition and recording or by using portable instruments with manual reading of data taken at fixed time intervals [1,2,3,4,5] The former can provide continuous data in real time, while the latter gives periodic measurements. SqueeSAR on the ground or archaeological remains widely spread over rural landscapes Differential SAR Tomography applicable to cultural heritage sites with feasible recommended (D-TomoSAR)
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