Abstract
The adult stem cell secretome is currently under investigation as an alternative to cell-based therapy in regenerative medicine, thanks to the remarkable translational opportunity and the advantages in terms of handling and safety. In this perspective, we recently demonstrated the efficient performance of the adipose-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (ASC) secretome in contrasting neuroinflammation in a murine model of diabetic neuropathy, where the administration of factors released by dermal fibroblasts (DFs) did not exert any effect. Up to now, the complex mixture of the constituents of the conditioned medium from ASCs has not been fully deepened, although its appropriate characterization is required in the perspective of a clinical use. Herein, we propose the differential proteomic approach for the identification of the players accounting for the functional effects of the cell secretome with the aim to unravel its appropriate applications. Out of 967 quantified proteins, 34 and 62 factors were found preponderantly or exclusively secreted by ASCs and DFs, respectively. This approach led to the recognition of distinct functions related to the conditioned medium of ASCs and DFs, with the former being involved in the regulation of neuronal death and apoptosis and the latter in bone metabolism and ossification. The proosteogenic effect of DF secretome was validated in vitro on human primary osteoblasts, providing a proof of concept of its osteoinductive potential. Besides discovering new applications of the cell type-specific secretome, the proposed strategy could allow the recognition of the cocktail of bioactive factors which might be responsible for the effects of conditioned media, thus providing a solid rationale to the implementation of a cell-free approach in several clinical scenarios involving tissue regeneration.
Highlights
Adult stem cell-based therapies have been proven effective in resolving a wide array of clinical questions, opening the way to their translation from preclinical models to medical practice
We recently demonstrated the efficient performance of the adipose-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (ASC) secretome in contrasting neuroinflammation in a murine model of diabetic neuropathy, where the administration of factors released by dermal fibroblasts (DFs) did not exert any effect
Following a hierarchical clustering approach, we identified two groups of factors that were differently secreted among ASCs and DFs (Figure 1(a))
Summary
Adult stem cell-based therapies have been proven effective in resolving a wide array of clinical questions, opening the way to their translation from preclinical models to medical practice. The effects of conditioned medium (CM) from cultured MSCs have been largely explored in multiple biological processes linked to clinically significant events, such as wound healing [14, 15], inflammation blunting [16, 17], angiogenesis [18, 19], and neuropathic pain [8] In this scenario, we recently demonstrated the therapeutic effect of the administration of the CM from adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (ASCs) in a mouse model of diabetes mellitus, providing a solid evidence of its efficiency in contrasting neuropathic pain, neuroinflammation, and peripheral immune activation [20]. We established that the observed effects were linked to the cell source, as the treatment with CM derived from dermal fibroblasts (DFs) did not counteract the monitored symptoms
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