Abstract
BackgroundThe normal growth of Rehmannia glutinosa, a widely used medicinal plant in China, is severely disturbed by replant disease. The formation of replant disease commonly involves interactions among plants, allelochemicals and microbes; however, these relationships remain largely unclear. As a result, no effective measures are currently available to treat replant disease.ResultsIn this study, an integrated R. glutinosa transcriptome was constructed, from which an R. glutinosa protein library was obtained. iTRAQ technology was then used to investigate changes in the proteins in replanted R. glutinosa roots, and the proteins that were expressed in response to replant disease were identified. An integrated R. glutinosa transcriptome from different developmental stages of replanted and normal-growth R. glutinosa produced 65,659 transcripts, which were accurately translated into 47,818 proteins. Using this resource, a set of 189 proteins was found to be significantly differentially expressed between normal-growth and replanted R. glutinosa. Of the proteins that were significantly upregulated in replanted R. glutinosa, most were related to metabolism, immune responses, ROS generation, programmed cell death, ER stress, and lignin synthesis.ConclusionsBy integrating these key events and the results of previous studies on replant disease formation, a new picture of the damaging mechanisms that cause replant disease stress emerged. Replant disease altered the metabolic balance of R. glutinosa, activated immune defence systems, increased levels of ROS and antioxidant enzymes, and initiated the processes of cell death and senescence in replanted R. glutinosa. Additionally, lignin deposition in R. glutinosa roots that was caused by replanting significantly inhibited tuberous root formation. These key processes provide important insights into the underlying mechanisms leading to the formation of replant disease and also for the subsequent development of new control measures to improve production and quality of replanted plants.
Highlights
The normal growth of Rehmannia glutinosa, a widely used medicinal plant in China, is severely disturbed by replant disease
Comparisons of morphological characteristics between normal-growth and replanted R. glutinosa The exposure of R. glutinosa to replant disease stress resulted in severe inhibition of the growth and development of the plants, as indicated by the decreased below- and above-ground biomass in replanted R. glutinosa compared with normal-growth plants
These results indicated that the stage most vulnerable to damage caused by replant disease was the root expansion stage (90 days after planting (DAP))
Summary
The normal growth of Rehmannia glutinosa, a widely used medicinal plant in China, is severely disturbed by replant disease. No effective measures are currently available to treat replant disease. Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch., commonly called Chinese foxglove, is a perennial, herbaceous medicinal plant in the family Scrophulariaceae. This species has been cultivated in China for more than 1000 years and is widely used to treat a variety of health problems without causing side effects [1]. Replant disease severely affects the growth and development of R. glutinosa, including tuberous root formation, and no effective treatments are currently available
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