Abstract
The etiological agent of human amoebiasis is the protozoan parasite E. histolytica; the disease is still an endemic infection in some countries and the outcome of infection in the host infection can range from asymptomatic intestinal infection to intestinal or liver invasive forms of the disease. The invasive character of this parasite is multifactorial and mainly due to the differential expression of multiple pathogenic genes. The aim of the present work was to measure the differential expression of some genes in different specimens of patients with amoebic liver abscess (ALA) and specimens of genital amoebiasis (AG) by RT-qPCR. Results show that the expression of genes is different in both types of samples. Almost all studied genes were over expressed in both sets of patients; however, superoxide dismutase (Ehsod), serine threonine isoleucine rich protein (Ehstirp), peroxiredoxin (Ehprd) and heat shock protein 70 and 90 (Ehhsp-70, EHhsp-90) were higher in AG biopsies tissue. Furthermore, cysteine proteinases 5 and 2 (Ehcp5, Ehcp2), lectin (Ehgal/galnaclectin) and calreticulin (Ehcrt) genes directly associate with pathogenic mechanisms of E. histolytica had similar over expression in both AG and ALA samples. In summary the results obtained show that trophozoites can regulate the expression of their genes depending on stimuli or environmental conditions, in order to regulate their pathogenicity and ensure their survival in the host.
Highlights
Entamoeba histolytica (Eh) is a protozoan parasite responsible for gastrointestinal amoebiasis in the human host
Samples of feces and blood were obtained from the two groups of patients; in cases of amoebic liver abscess, a sample of abscess drainage material was included; in genital cutaneous amoebiasis patients, a biopsy of the lesion was studied
Fifteen patients with amoebic liver abscess were included in the study, 2 females and 13 males between 25 and 60 years old
Summary
Entamoeba histolytica (Eh) is a protozoan parasite responsible for gastrointestinal amoebiasis in the human host. The host–parasite relationship in this infection can be very diverse and lead to a commensal relationship between the parasite and the host, as in the case of asymptomatic cyst carriers or a relationship in which the parasite causes different degrees of tissue damage that can lead to the invasion of extra intestinal organs [1,2,3]. E. histolytica infection is mainly acquired by accidental ingestion of mature cysts present in contaminated water and food (intake of raw and poorly washed vegetables or fruits). Amoebiasis is usually a relatively frequent intestinal infection in young adults, in most cases it is asymptomatic because trophozoites remain confined to the intestinal lumen (non-invasive luminal amoebiasis). In the event of symptoms, these appear after an incubation period of two to four weeks and are due to trophozoites invading the intestinal mucosa (invasive form) giving rise to the well-known acute invasive colitis or amoebic dysentery, which consists of diarrhea with mucus and/or blood
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