Differential inhibition by NMDA antagonists of rapid tolerance to, and cross-tolerance between, ethanol and chlordiazepoxide

Abstract

We have recently found that the non-competitive N-methyl- d-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists, (+)MK-801 and ketamine, block the development of rapid tolerance to ethanol. In the present report we show that they also block rapid cross-tolerance from chlordiazepoxide to ethanol as well as ethanol to chlordiazepoxide. However, NMDA antagonists fail to block the development of rapid tolerance to chlordiazepoxide. Our results suggest that NMDA antagonists may affect not only the acquisition of rapid tolerance or cross-tolerance to sedatives but also the ability to express that tolerance or cross-tolerance, depending on the drugs used. It is also possible that the phenomena of rapid tolerance and rapid cross- tolerance have basic differences not previously reported in the literature.