Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) have been shown to inhibit influenza A virus (IAV) replication and play an essential role in controlling viral infection. Here we studied the kinetics and magnitude of induction of type I and type III IFN transcripts by primary porcine airway epithelial cells (pAECs) in response to swine and human origin IAV. We observed that swine influenza viruses (SIV) replicate more efficiently than the human pandemic influenza A/California/2009 (pH1N1 CA/09) in pAECs. Interestingly, we also found significant difference in kinetics of IFN-β, IFN-λ1 and IFN-λ3 gene expression by these viruses. While there was delay of up to 12 hours post infection (h p.i.) in induction of IFN genes in pAECs infected with swine IAV A/Sw/Illinois/2008 (H1N1 IL/08), human pH1N1 CA/09 rapidly induced IFN-β, IFN-λ1 and IFN-λ3 gene expression as early as 4 h p.i. However, the magnitude of IFN-β and IFN-λ3 induction at 24 h p.i. was not significantly different between the viral strains tested. Additionally, we found that swine H1N1 IL/08 was less sensitive to dsRNA induced antiviral response compared to human pH1N1 CA/09. Our data suggest that the human and swine IAVs differ in their ability to induce and respond to type I and type III interferons in swine cells. Swine origin IAV may have adapted to the pig host by subverting innate antiviral responses to viral infection.
Highlights
Influenza A virus (IAV) is a common respiratory pathogen infecting many different hosts including pigs, humans, and birds
Establishment of influenza virus infection in the respiratory tract relies on several factors, including availability of receptors on the host cell surface as well as the innate antiviral responses elicited by host cells
Primary swine airway epithelial cells have been used previously as an in vitro model to study IAV infection [5, 6, 27]. These cells serve as a useful model to study IAV replication and pathogenesis including host innate responses, since IAV targets epithelial cells of the respiratory tract and these cells are the key contributor to innate antiviral responses via production of IFNs
Summary
Influenza A virus (IAV) is a common respiratory pathogen infecting many different hosts including pigs, humans, and birds. Influenza viruses have co-evolved with their respective hosts, they are capable of transmitting infection between species [1]. Swine respiratory epithelial cells express both α2,6,- and α2,3,- linked sialic acids, the receptor determinants. IFN Response to Swine and Human IAV in Porcine Airway Epithelial Cells of Health, HL108627 to SMO and AMP. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript
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