Abstract
Previous studies have indicated that the category learning system is a mechanism with multiple processing systems, and that working memory has different effects on category learning. But how does visuospatial working memory affect perceptual category learning? As there is no definite answer to this question, we conducted three experiments. In Experiment 1, the dual-task paradigm with sequential presentation was adopted to investigate the influence of visuospatial working memory on rule-based and information-integration category learning. The results showed that visuospatial working memory interferes with rule-based but not information-integration category learning. In Experiment 2, the dual-task paradigm with simultaneous presentation was used, in which the categorization task was integrated into the visuospatial working memory task. The results indicated that visuospatial working memory affects information-integration category learning but not rule-based category learning. In Experiment 3, the dual-task paradigm with simultaneous presentation was employed, in which visuospatial working memory was integrated into the category learning task. The results revealed that visuospatial working memory interferes with both rule-based and information-integration category learning. Through these three experiments, we found that, regarding the rule-based category learning, working memory load is the main mechanism by which visuospatial working memory influences the discovery of the category rules. In addition, regarding the information-integration category learning, visual resources mainly operates on the category representation.
Highlights
Categorization is a fundamental decision-making process that allows us to meaningfully parse the world and group similar objects together so that they can be treated equivalently (Rabi and Minda, 2014)
In Experiment 2, the dual-task paradigm with simultaneous presentation was used, in which the categorization task was integrated into the working memory task
We were interested in further exploring the effect of visuospatial working memory on RB and II category learning, especially investigating the role of visual processing and executive functioning
Summary
Categorization is a fundamental decision-making process that allows us to meaningfully parse the world and group similar objects together so that they can be treated equivalently (Rabi and Minda, 2014). After learning the hard way that a Abbreviations: COVIS, competition between verbal and implicit systems model; II, information-integration; II-C, information-integration category structure control group; II-V, information-integration category structure experimental group; RB, rule-based; RB-C, rule-based category structure control group; RB-V, rule-based category structure experimental group. Visuospatial Working Memory and Learning particular mushroom is probably poisonous, it is highly adaptive to generalize that knowledge to other similar mushrooms rather than to have to learn the hard way every time a new mushroom is encountered (Richler and Palmeri, 2014). The other is an implicit system that solves categorization tasks by learning to associate a response with regions of perceptual space, which is based on reinforcement and is independent of working memory (Ashby et al, 1998)
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