Differential Impact of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Outcomes Among 1.4 Million US Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Abstract

BackgroundThe aim was to determine the impact of diabetes mellitus (DM) on outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). There is limited data on the impact of DM and its subtypes among patients who underwent PCI during hospitalization. MethodsAll PCI hospitalizations from the National Inpatient Sample (October 2015–December 2018) were stratified by the presence and subtype of DM. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine the adjusted odds ratios (aOR) of in-hospital adverse outcomes in type 1 DM (T1DM) and type 2 DM (T2DM) compared to no-DM. ResultsOut of 1,363,800 individuals undergoing PCI, 12,640 (0.9%) had T1DM and 539,690 (39.6%) had T2DM. T1DM patients had increased aOR of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) (1.26, 95%CI 1.17–1.35), mortality (1.56, 95%CI 1.41–1.72), major bleeding (1.63, 95%CI 1.45–1.84), and stroke (1.75, 95%CI 1.51–2.02), while T2DM patients had only increased aOR of MACCE (1.02, 95%CI 1.01–1.04), mortality (1.10, 95%CI 1.08–1.13) and stroke (1.22, 95%CI 1.18–1.27), compared to no-DM patients. However, both T1DM and T2DM had lower aOR of cardiac complications (0.87, 95%CI 0.77–0.97 and 0.87, 95%CI 0.85–0.89, respectively), in comparison to no-DM patients. When accounting for the indication, both DM subgroups had higher aOR of MACCE, mortality, and stroke compared to no-DM patients in the acute coronary syndrome setting (p < 0.001, for all), while only increased aOR of stroke (1.59, 95%CI 1.17–2.15 for T1DM and 1.12, 95%CI 1.05–1.20 for T2DM) persisted in the elective setting. ConclusionsPatients with DM who have undergone PCI during hospitalization are more likely to experience adverse in-hospital outcomes, and T1DM patients are a particularly high-risk cohort.