Abstract
Deterrence through pain infliction and rehabilitation through therapy and training are often conceptualized as competing practices in crime control. With the resurgence of the diversion movement and therapeutic justice, increasingly more offenders are exposed to a particular combination of incarceration and treatment. Even for offenders diverted into community-based treatment, incarceration remains a central part of their criminal justice experiences. Do incarceration and treatment exercise complementary or conflicting crime reduction effects in drug-addicted offenders who have been both incarcerated and treated? Data from 263 participants of Brooklyn's Drug Treatment Alternative-to-Incarceration program showed that although all subjects were exposed to both incarceration and residential drug treatment, only treatment decreased the likelihood of recidivism. No evidence of deterrence was found, and there were some indications of the criminogenic influence of incarceration among studied subjects. Policy implications are discussed.
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