Abstract
BackgroundAn acute bout of exercise can improve endothelial function and insulin sensitivity when measured on the day following exercise. Our aim was to compare acute high-intensity continuous exercise (HICE) to high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) on circulating endothelial microparticles (EMPs) and insulin sensitivity in overweight/obese men and women.MethodsInactive males (BMI = 30 ± 3, 25 ± 6 yr, n = 6) and females (BMI = 28 ± 2, 21 ± 3 yr, n = 7) participated in three experimental trials in a randomized counterbalanced crossover design: 1) No exercise control (Control); 2) HICE (20 min cycling @ just above ventilatory threshold); 3) HIIE (10 X 1-min @ ∼90% peak aerobic power). Exercise conditions were matched for external work and diet was controlled post-exercise. Fasting blood samples were obtained ∼18 hr after each condition. CD62E+ and CD31+/CD42b- EMPs were assessed by flow cytometry and insulin resistance (IR) was estimated by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR).ResultsThere was a significant sex X exercise interaction for CD62E+ EMPs, CD31+/CD42b- EMPs, and HOMA-IR (all P<0.05). In males, both HICE and HIIE reduced EMPs compared to Control (P≤0.05). In females, HICE increased CD62E+ EMPs (P<0.05 vs. Control) whereas CD31+/CD42b- EMPs were unaltered by either exercise type. There was a significant increase in HOMA-IR in males but a decrease in females following HIIE compared to Control (P<0.05).ConclusionsOverweight/obese males and females appear to respond differently to acute bouts of high-intensity exercise. A single session of HICE and HIIE reduced circulating EMPs measured on the morning following exercise in males but in females CD62E+ EMPs were increased following HICE. Next day HOMA-IR paradoxically increased in males but was reduced in females following HIIE. Future research is needed to investigate mechanisms responsible for potential differential responses between males and females.
Highlights
Individuals who are overweight or obese are at increased risk of developing insulin resistance (IR), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) [1,2]
A single session of high-intensity continuous exercise (HICE) and high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) reduced circulating endothelial microparticles (EMPs) measured on the morning following exercise in males but in females CD62E+ EMPs were increased following HICE
Day homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) paradoxically increased in males but was reduced in females following HIIE
Summary
Individuals who are overweight or obese are at increased risk of developing insulin resistance (IR), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) [1,2]. Numerous investigations have shown that acute exercise improves insulin sensitivity for up to 24–48 h into recovery as assessed by fasting homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) scores [6,7], oral glucose tolerance testing [8], and/or hyperinsulinemiceuglycemic clamp[9]. These findings have led to guidelines that recommend no more than one day off in between exercise sessions in individuals with, or at risk for, T2D [10]. Our aim was to compare acute high-intensity continuous exercise (HICE) to high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) on circulating endothelial microparticles (EMPs) and insulin sensitivity in overweight/obese men and women
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