Abstract
BackgroundEnterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is one of the most important pathogenic bacteria causing severe diarrhoea in human and pigs. In ETEC strains, the fimbrial types F4 and F18 are commonly found differently colonized within the small intestine and cause huge economic losses in the swine industry annually worldwide. To address the underlying mechanism, we performed a transcriptome study of porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) with and without infection of three representative ETEC strains.ResultsA total 2443, 3493 and 867 differentially expressed genes were found in IPEC-J2 cells infected with F4ab ETEC (CF4ab), with F4ac ETEC (CF4ac) and with F18ac ETEC (CF18ac) compared to the cells without infection (control), respectively. The number of differentially expressed genes between CF4ab and CF4ac, CF4ab and CF18ac, and CF4ac and CF18ac were 77, 1446 and 1629, respectively. The gene ontology and pathway analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes in CF4abvs control are significantly involved in cell-cycle progress and amino acid metabolism, while the clustered terms of the differentially expressed genes in CF4acvs control comprise immune, inflammation and wounding response and apoptosis as well as cell cycle progress and proteolysis. Differentially expressed genes between CF18acvs control are mainly involved in cell-cycle progression and immune response. Furthermore, fundamental differences were observed in expression levels of immune-related genes among the three ETEC treatments, especially for the important pro-inflammatory molecules, including IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, CCL20, CXCL2 etc.ConclusionsThe discovery in this study provides insights into the interaction of porcine intestinal epithelial cells with F4 ETECs and F18 ETEC, respectively. The genes induced by ETECs with F4 versus F18 fimbriae suggest why ETEC with F4 may be more virulent compared to F18 which seems to elicit milder effects.
Highlights
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is one of the most important pathogenic bacteria causing severe diarrhoea in human and pigs
In the present study, genome-wide gene expression profiles of porcine Porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) cells infected by three ETEC strains (F4ab, F4ac and F18ac ETEC) separately was studied using Agilent Porcine Oligo Microarray (4 × 44 K)
The specific GO terms of the F4ab ETEC induced genes are associated with catabolic processes, whereas those of the F4ac ETEC induced genes are associated with immune response, inflammatory response and response to wounding, and apoptosis
Summary
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is one of the most important pathogenic bacteria causing severe diarrhoea in human and pigs. In ETEC strains, the fimbrial types F4 and F18 are commonly found differently colonized within the small intestine and cause huge economic losses in the swine industry annually worldwide. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a Gramnegative enteric pathogen [1,2], and an important cause of diarrhoea in human and animals [3,4]. ETEC-associated diarrhoea results in morbidity and mortality in neonatal and recently weaned piglets and is considered as one of the economically most important diseases in swine husbandry [4,8]. The F18 fimbriae show a characteristic zigzag pattern and occur in two antigenic variants, F18ab and F18ac, of which F18ac is more readily expressed in vitro [10]
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