Differential Expression Profiles and Bioinformatics Analysis of tRNA-derived Small RNAs in Epicardial fat of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation

Abstract

The exact processes underlying atrial fibrillation (AF) are still unclear. It has been suggested that epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) may contribute to arrhythmias and can release various bioactive molecules, including exosomes containing tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs). Numerous studies have indicated that these tsRNAs can significantly affect key cellular functions. However, there is currently no research investigating the relationship between tsRNAs from EAT and AF. In order to explore the regulatory mechanisms of tsRNAs from EAT associated with AF, we conducted RNA-sequencing analysis on EAT samples collected from 6 AF patients and 6 control subjects with sinus rhythm. Our analysis revealed an upregulation of 146 tsRNAs and a downregulation of 126 tsRNAs in AF. Furthermore, we randomly selected four tsRNAs (tRF-SeC-TCA-001, tiRNA-Gly-CCC-003, tRF-Gly-GCC-002, and tRF-Tyr-GTA-007) for validation using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Following this, bioinformatic analyses revealed that the target genes of these tsRNAs were prominently involved in the regulation of cell adhesion and various cellular processes mediated by plasma membrane adhesion molecules. Additionally, based on KEGG analysis, it was suggested that the majority of these target genes might contribute to the pathogenesis of AF through processes such as glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, AMP-activated protein kinase activity, and the insulin signaling pathway. Our results elucidate changes in the expression profiles of tsRNAs within EAT samples obtained from AF patients, and they forecast potential target genes and interactions between tsRNAs and mRNA within EAT that could contribute to the pathogenesis of AF.