Abstract
Trefoil family factor (TFF) proteins contribute to antimicrobial defense and the maintenance of sinonasal epithelial barrier integrity. Dysregulation of TFF expression may be involved in the development of chronic inflammation and tissue remodeling characteristically found in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP). Expressions of TFF1 and TFF3 were determined in specimens of middle nasal turbinate (MNT-0), bulla ethmoidalis (BE), and nasal polyps (NP) from CRSwNP patients (n = 29) and inferior nasal turbinate from a group of control patients (underwent nasal septoplasty, n = 25). An additional MNT sample was collected 6 months after functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS, MNT-6). TFF1 mRNA levels were significantly reduced in all specimens by approximately three- to five-fold, while TFF3 was increased in MNT-0, as compared with controls. Six months after surgery their levels were reversed to control values. CRSwNP patients with S. epidermidis isolated from sinus swabs showed upregulation of TFF3 in MNT and NP as compared with patients with sterile swabs. Target gene regulation was not affected by the presence of type 2 inflammation in patients with confirmed allergy. Results of this study imply participation of TFFs genes in the development of CRSwNP.
Highlights
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is defined as an inflammatory condition that is affecting the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity persistently for more than 12 weeks [1]
To ensure that the age differences had no significant effect on the Trefoil family factor (TFF) expression, we performed a series of additional analysis of TFF1 and TFF3 mRNA levels in different age subgroups by employing a specialized software for comparison of multiple conditions (REST-MCS available at http://rest.gene-quantification.info/)
Compared to control samples, TFF1 mRNA levels were significantly reduced in all specimens by approximately three- to five-fold, while TFF3 was increased in MNT-0
Summary
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is defined as an inflammatory condition that is affecting the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity persistently for more than 12 weeks [1]. It is divided into two different phenotypes, CRS without nasal polyposis (CRSsNP) and CRS with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP). There is no clear understanding of the underlying pathophysiology that causes chronic rhinosinusitis and the uncontrolled tissue proliferation leading to formation of mucosal outgrowths in the form of nasal polyps. Pawankar described four different histological types of nasal polyps, with the eosinophilic type and chronic inflammatory type as the most common [3]. The other two nasal polyp types are rarely found among CRSwNP patients, and histologically they are characterized by pronounced hyperplasia of seromucinous glands or with atypical stroma [4]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
