Abstract
Canola (oilseed rape, Brassica napus L.) is susceptible to infection by the biotrophic protist Plasmodiophora brassicae, the causal agent of clubroot. To understand the roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) during the post-transcriptional regulation of disease initiation and progression, we have characterized the changes in miRNA expression profiles in canola roots during clubroot disease development and have compared these to uninfected roots. Two different stages of clubroot development were targeted in this miRNA profiling study: an early time of 10-dpi for disease initiation and a later 20-dpi, by which time the pathogen had colonized the roots (as evident by visible gall formation and histological observations). P. brassicae responsive miRNAs were identified and validated by qRT-PCR of miRNAs and the subsequent validation of the target mRNAs through starBase degradome analysis, and through 5′ RLM-RACE. This study identifies putative miRNA-regulated genes with roles during clubroot disease initiation and development. Putative target genes identified in this study included: transcription factors (TFs), hormone-related genes, as well as genes associated with plant stress response regulation such as cytokinin, auxin/ethylene response elements. The results of our study may assist in elucidating the role of miRNAs in post-transcriptional regulation of target genes during disease development and may contribute to the development of strategies to engineer durable resistance to this important phytopathogen.
Highlights
Plant pathogens are devastating biological factors that adversely affect plant growth and development [1] Various plant pathogen infections can cause up to 30% yield losses in many crops [2]
We report the miRNA expression profiles in roots of B. napus plants in response to challenge with clubroot pathogen infection
The increased hypertrophy in clubroot infected Arabidopsis root cells has been reported to be responsible for gall formation [33]
Summary
Plant pathogens are devastating biological factors that adversely affect plant growth and development [1] Various plant pathogen infections can cause up to 30% yield losses in many crops [2]. Infection of the Brassicaceae family with the obligate biotrophic pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin, a cercozoan protist belonging to the class phytomyxea, results in the development of root galls (clubroots) and consequent stunting of plants [3,4]. Clubroot disease has been reported in more than 60 countries resulting in overall reduction in the yield of canola by about 10– 15% [5]. In Alberta, Canada, approximately 94% of plants were observed to be affected in most infected fields, resulting in an estimated yield loss of about 30% [6]. A longer-term solution would be the development of durable resistance to this pathogen through classical breeding or by genetic modification, which necessitates the identification of targets for genetic manipulation
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