Abstract
Introduction: Skeletal muscle plasticity in exercise can be modulated by epigenomic events such as gene silencing, histone modifications and DNA methylation. In this context, our objective was to analyze the expression of genes associated with chromatin modifications in human muscle biopsies of vastus lateralis after a 20 week training program. Methods: Using data from DNA microarray experiments registered in the NCBI GEO DataSet database GSE117070, we calculated the Z ratio values as the criterion to evaluate the differential expression of genes associated with chromatin modification during aerobic training in skeletal muscle. Using the web interface GENEMANIA, we built a co-expression interaction network with the overexpressed genes. We compared Z-score values obtained from pre-trained and post-trained samples through nonparametric tests. Results: We found 10 overexpressed genes after the 20 week training program, namely, EZH1, KMT2A, KMT2D, KDM4C, KDM6A, CREBBP, HDAC10, HDAC4, DNMT3L, and H2AX. The most relevant biological processes obtained from the network included chromatin organization (FDR 9.04 × 10−9) and histone modification (FDR 9.04 × 10−9). Conclusions: In skeletal muscle, after aerobic training, there is overexpression of genes associated with the modification of the chromatin through alterations in histones and DNA, resulting in epigenetic transcriptional changes.
Highlights
The human genome project gave fundamental knowledge to further our understanding of the genomic landscape and the relationship between genes and phenotypical traits [1].Sports performance mediated by advances in “omics” technologies and genomic sequencing has allowed new possibilities in the study of molecular mechanisms underlying physical conditions [2]
Our objective was to perform a bioinformatic analysis of the differential expression of genes in muscle associated with chromatin modification from biopsy samples of the vastus lateralis of the quadriceps muscle in humans who were included in a 20 week aerobic exercise program
Our results were focused on the genes associated with chromatin changes due to aerobic training
Summary
Sports performance mediated by advances in “omics” technologies and genomic sequencing has allowed new possibilities in the study of molecular mechanisms underlying physical conditions [2]. The molecular markers involved with performance and the manifestations of physical qualities, such as strength, flexibility, endurance, speed, and agility, can be useful in sports selection processes. This systemic approach involves the current functional state assessment of an athlete and the selection of sports specialization, among others [3]. The environmental modulation in skeletal muscle plasticity during exercise in healthy and/or sick people is mediated by the regulation of gene expression through epigenomic events such as histone modification and DNA methylation [4].
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