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Abstract
BackgroundIron-sulfur [Fe-S] clusters are prosthetic groups required to sustain fundamental life processes including electron transfer, metabolic reactions, sensing, signaling, gene regulation and stabilization of protein structures. In plants, the biogenesis of Fe-S protein is compartmentalized and adapted to specific needs of the cell. Many environmental factors affect plant development and limit productivity and geographical distribution. The impact of these limiting factors is particularly relevant for major crops, such as soybean, which has worldwide economic importance.ResultsHere we analyze the transcriptional profile of the soybean cysteine desulfurases NFS1, NFS2 and ISD11 genes, involved in the biogenesis of [Fe-S] clusters, by quantitative RT-PCR. NFS1, ISD11 and NFS2 encoding two mitochondrial and one plastid located proteins, respectively, are duplicated and showed distinct transcript levels considering tissue and stress response. NFS1 and ISD11 are highly expressed in roots, whereas NFS2 showed no differential expression in tissues. Cold-treated plants showed a decrease in NFS2 and ISD11 transcript levels in roots, and an increased expression of NFS1 and ISD11 genes in leaves. Plants treated with salicylic acid exhibited increased NFS1 transcript levels in roots but lower levels in leaves. In silico analysis of promoter regions indicated the presence of different cis-elements in cysteine desulfurase genes, in good agreement with differential expression of each locus. Our data also showed that increasing of transcript levels of mitochondrial genes, NFS1/ISD11, are associated with higher activities of aldehyde oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase, two cytosolic Fe-S proteins.ConclusionsOur results suggest a relationship between gene expression pattern, biochemical effects, and transcription factor binding sites in promoter regions of cysteine desulfurase genes. Moreover, data show proportionality between NFS1 and ISD11 genes expression.
Highlights
Iron-sulfur [Fe-S] clusters are prosthetic groups required to sustain fundamental life processes including electron transfer, metabolic reactions, sensing, signaling, gene regulation and stabilization of protein structures
Sequence analysis Comparative protein analyses showed that there are four cysteine desulfurase genes in G. max, corresponding to loci Glyma01g40510, Glyma09g02450, Glyma11g04800 and Glyma15g13350. These proteins can be classified into two groups: the first group is composed of IscS-like proteins, mitochondrial cysteine desulfurases, which are encoded by the genes located on chromosome 01 and 11 (NFS1_Chr01 and NFS1_Chr11); the second group encompasses SufS-like proteins, plastid cysteine desulfurases, which are encoded by genes located on chromosome 9 and chromosome 15 (NFS2_Chr09 and NFS2_Chr15)
The present results suggest that NFS1 and NFS2 soybean genes, which encode proteins involved in sulfur assimilation and [Fe-S] cluster biosynthesis [16], are involved in response to cold stress and salicylic acid (SA)
Summary
Iron-sulfur [Fe-S] clusters are prosthetic groups required to sustain fundamental life processes including electron transfer, metabolic reactions, sensing, signaling, gene regulation and stabilization of protein structures. The biogenesis of Fe-S protein is compartmentalized and adapted to specific needs of the cell. Many environmental factors affect plant development and limit productivity and geographical distribution. The impact of these limiting factors is relevant for major crops, such as soybean, which has worldwide economic importance
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