Abstract
Bovine alphaherpesvirus types 1 (BoHV-1) and 5 (BoHV-5) are closely related alphaherpesviruses. BoHV-5 causes non-suppurative meningoencephalitis in calves. BoHV-1 is associated with several syndromes and, occasionally, can cause encephalitis. Although both viruses are neurotropic and they share similar biological properties, it is unknown why these alphaherpesviruses differ in their ability to cause neurological disease. Neural tissue samples were collected from BoHV-1- and BoHV-5-intranasally inoculated calves during acute infection, latency and reactivation and the levels of cyclins mRNA expression were analyzed by qRT-PCR. Striking differences in the levels of cyclins mRNA were particularly detected in trigeminal ganglion (TG). The expression levels of cyclins in TG during BoHV-5 latency suggest that these viruses utilize different strategies to persist in the host. It is apparent that a relationship between virus loads and cyclin mRNA levels can be established only during acute infection and other factors might be involved in the regulation of cell cycle components during BoHV latency and reactivation. Bovine alphaherpesviruses neuropathogenicity might be influenced by the differential control of cell cycle components by these herpesviruses. This is the first report on BoHV-5 modulation of cyclins expression in neural tissues from its natural host.
Highlights
Bovine alphaherpesvirus types 1 (BoHV-1) and 5 (BoHV-5) are closely related alphaherpesviruses
Compared with uninfected trigeminal ganglion (TG). mRNA levels of cyclins A2 and E1 were downregulated in olfactory cortex
During latent infection with BoHV-1 and BoHV-5, cyclin A2 and E1 were downregulated in olfactory cortex and cervical medulla whereas cyclin B1 was upregulated in BoHV-1-infected olfactory and frontal cortex and in cervical medulla after BoHV-5 infection
Summary
Neural tissue samples were collected from BoHV-1- and BoHV-5-intranasally inoculated calves during acute infection, latency and reactivation. The levels of cyclins mRNA expression in neural tissue from calves infected with BoHV-1 or BoHV-5 were analyzed by qRT-PCR. In Group 1 (primary acute infection; n = 4), two calves were inoculated with 106.3 TCID50 of BoHV-1 and the other two with a similar inoculum of BoHV-5. They were euthanased at 6 days post-infection (dpi). Group 2 (latency; n = 4) consisted of two calves inoculated with (103 TCID50) of BoHV-1 or BoHV-5 and they were euthanased at 24.
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