Differential effects of gamma rays, EMS, and SA on biological parameters of Ajara Ghansal a non-Basmati aromatic rice landrace from Kolhapur, Maharashtra

Abstract

Ajara Ghansal is a local rice landrace (Oryza sativa L.) from Kolhapur and has aromatic grains as well as good cooking grain quality. For the induction of mutations, two chemical mutagens Ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) and Sodium Azide (SA) and one physical (gamma rays) radiation were used with three different concentrations and doses, respectively. For each treatment, 500 seeds were used. In M1 generation, seed germination (%), lethality (%), chromosomal abnormality (%), chlorophyll deficient sector (%), pollen sterility (%), and plant survival were determined. In M2 generation, observations on effectiveness, efficiency and mutation rate of all the three mutagens were calculated based on parameters like reduction in seedling height, lethality (%) and pollen sterility (%). The highest mutagenic effectiveness was observed in SA treatment whereas the highest mutagenic efficiency was observed in EMS treatment. The mutation rate of all the mutagens was calculated and the highest mutation rate in terms of effectiveness was reported in SA (3.57) while the highest mutation rate in terms of efficiency was observed in EMS (2.06) treatment. Among these three mutagenic treatments, EMS 0.8%, SA 0.006%, and gamma rays 200 Gy treatments are the most effective treatments to generate a useful genetic variation for the improvement of non-basmati aromatic landrace Ajara Ghansal.